The Druze Villages of Galilee: A Culture at a Crossroads

Druze community

The Druze community of Galilee, located in northern Israel, represents a unique ethnic and religious group distinguished by its beliefs, customs, and culture. The Druze have managed to maintain a distinct identity over the centuries while navigating various social, political, and religious influences. The Druze faith stems from Shia Islam but quickly diverged from other Muslim currents. Their beliefs are based on an esoteric interpretation of the Quran and incorporate elements of Christianity, Judaism, and ancient Greek philosophies. The Druze community is organized in a strict hierarchy of religious leaders, whose members are privy to the secrets of the faith. Their service in the Israeli army and loyalty to the State of Israel add a unique dimension to their identity.

Galilee, in northern Israel, is home to the majority of Druze in the country. According to the latest data, approximately 140,000 Druze live in Israel, with over 100,000 concentrated in the Galilee region. The main Druze villages in Galilee include Daliyat al-Karmel, Isfiya, Majd al-Krum, Yarka, and Be’er al-Maksur. These villages are often located on Galilean hills, offering panoramic views and strategic geographic positions. They are typically characterized by traditional housing, a strong sense of community, and deep connections to the land.

Social and Cultural Life of the Druze

Druze culture is based on strong communal solidarity. Villages are often marked by a spirit of cooperation among families and a significant influence of religious leaders. Traditional values such as hospitality, family, and respect for ancestors are fundamental. The spoken language is Arabic, but Druze also speak Hebrew, especially in interactions with Israeli authorities.

The Druze of Galilee celebrate several religious holidays, one of the most important being Eid al-Adha, a Muslim religious feast. Their culinary traditions, such as sambousek and knafeh, are also influenced by Arab and Mediterranean cuisine.

The Druze in Israel are known for their unique relationship with the State. They are one of the few Arab communities that serve in the Israeli army. This military service has strengthened their loyalty to the State of Israel and contributed to their integration into Israeli society. However, this relationship is complex, as the Druze consider themselves full Israeli citizens but often face discrimination due to their Arab origins.

The Druze have always played a key role in Israeli politics, with several members of the community holding important positions in the government and Israeli security forces. However, some Palestinians view them as collaborators with the Israeli state, which creates tensions within the broader Arab community.

In 2018, the Nation-State Law sparked controversy among the Druze. This law reinforced the Jewish character of the State of Israel, which was perceived as marginalizing minorities, including the Druze, who had previously enjoyed a certain degree of recognition as full citizens.

Druze villages in Galilee face several economic challenges. Like many Arab communities in Israel, Druze often live in rural areas with limited access to economic resources. While Druze villages have seen infrastructural development in recent decades, disparities remain in terms of public services, education, and economic opportunities compared to Jewish communities.

The job market is another concern. Although increasing numbers of young Druze have access to higher education and are entering various professional sectors, unemployment remains an issue, especially among young men. Education is a key area for the future of the community, and Israeli authorities have taken steps to improve access to university education and vocational training for Druze.

The Impact of Tourism and Modernity

Tourism plays a growing role in the economy of Druze villages in Galilee. Due to their geographic location and unique traditions, these villages attract more and more visitors, both Israeli and international. Historical sites, such as Mount Carmel and the ancient ruins in Druze villages, are popular attractions. Tourism provides economic opportunities but also raises concerns about preserving traditional culture and managing increasing urbanization.

Druze community

The integration of modern technologies into daily life is another aspect of change in Druze villages. Younger generations, particularly those who grew up with the internet and social media, are adopting more modern lifestyles, creating a contrast with older traditions. However, the majority of the Druze community still resists these changes, favoring traditional practices and community values.

The Druze villages of Galilee stand at a crossroads between tradition and modernity, cultural and political identity. The Druze of Israel navigate a complex reality where they must balance their cultural and religious heritage with integration into Israeli society. While their social and economic situation continues to face challenges, their role in Israeli society and contribution to the Israeli army continue to define their unique place in the country’s political landscape.

Caroline Haïat